nagios配置监控
##监控主机安装
安装nginx支持
安装perl
1yum install perl安装FCGI模块
12345678910wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/F/FL/FLORA/FCGI-0.73.tar.gztar xvzf FCGI-0.73.tar.gzcd FCGI-0.73perl Makefile.PLmakemake installcd ..#如果出现Can't locate ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm in @INC,先执行以下任务yum install perl-ExtUtils-Embed -y安装FCGI-ProcManager模块
1234567wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/G/GB/GBJK/FCGI-ProcManager-0.19.tar.gztar xvzf FCGI-ProcManager-0.19.tar.gzcd FCGI-ProcManager-0.19perl Makefile.PLmakemake installcd ..安装IO和IO::ALL模块
123456789101112131415wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/G/GB/GBARR/IO-1.25.tar.gztar zxvf IO-1.25.tar.gzcd IO-1.25perl Makefile.PLmakemake installcd ..wget https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/F/FR/FREW/IO-All-0.87.tar.gztar zxvf IO-All-0.87.tar.gzcd IO-All-0.87perl Makefile.PLmakemake installcd ..创建perl-fcgi脚本并给予权限
fastcgi自启动服务脚本:
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374757677787980818283848586878889909192939495969798文件路径:/etc/rc.d/init.d/perl-fastcgi#!/bin/sh## nginx – this script starts and stops the nginx daemon## chkconfig: - 85 15# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server# processname: nginx# config: /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf# pidfile: /opt/nginx/logs/nginx.pid# Source function library.. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions# Source networking configuration.. /etc/sysconfig/network# Check that networking is up.[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0perlfastcgi="/usr/bin/fastcgi-wrapper.pl"prog=$(basename perl)lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/perl-fastcgistart() {[ -x $perlfastcgi ] || exit 5echo -n $"Starting $prog: "daemon $perlfastcgiretval=$?echo[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfilereturn $retval}stop() {echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "killproc $prog -QUITretval=$?echo[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfilereturn $retval}restart() {stopstart}reload() {echo -n $”Reloading $prog: ”killproc $nginx -HUPRETVAL=$?echo}force_reload() {restart}rh_status() {status $prog}rh_status_q() {rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1}case "$1" instart)rh_status_q && exit 0$1;;stop)rh_status_q || exit 0$1;;restart)$1;;reload)rh_status_q || exit 7$1;;force-reload)force_reload;;status)rh_status;;condrestart|try-restart)rh_status_q || exit 0;;*)echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}"exit 2esac
fastcgi监听脚本
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101文件路径:/usr/bin/fastcgi-wrapper.pl#!/usr/bin/perluse FCGI;use Socket;use POSIX qw(setsid);require 'syscall.ph';&daemonize;#this keeps the program alive or something after exec'ing perl scriptsEND() { } BEGIN() { }*CORE::GLOBAL::exit = sub { die "fakeexit\nrc=".shift()."\n"; };eval q{exit};if ($@) {exit unless $@ =~ /^fakeexit/;};&main;sub daemonize() {chdir '/' or die "Can't chdir to /: $!";defined(my $pid = fork) or die "Can't fork: $!";exit if $pid;setsid or die "Can't start a new session: $!";umask 0;}sub main {$socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( "127.0.0.1:8999", 10 ); #use IP sockets$request = FCGI::Request( \*STDIN, \*STDOUT, \*STDERR, \%req_params, $socket );if ($request) { request_loop()};FCGI::CloseSocket( $socket );}sub request_loop {while( $request->Accept() >= 0 ) {#processing any STDIN input from WebServer (for CGI-POST actions)$stdin_passthrough ='';$req_len = 0 + $req_params{'CONTENT_LENGTH'};if (($req_params{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq 'POST') && ($req_len != 0) ){my $bytes_read = 0;while ($bytes_read < $req_len) {my $data = '';my $bytes = read(STDIN, $data, ($req_len - $bytes_read));last if ($bytes == 0 || !defined($bytes));$stdin_passthrough .= $data;$bytes_read += $bytes;}}#running the cgi appif ( (-x $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME}) && #can I execute this?(-s $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME}) && #Is this file empty?(-r $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME}) #can I read this file?){pipe(CHILD_RD, PARENT_WR);my $pid = open(KID_TO_READ, "-|");unless(defined($pid)) {print("Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n");print "Error: CGI app returned no output - ";print "Executing $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} failed !\n";next;}if ($pid > 0) {close(CHILD_RD);print PARENT_WR $stdin_passthrough;close(PARENT_WR);while(my $s = <KID_TO_READ>) { print $s; }close KID_TO_READ;waitpid($pid, 0);} else {foreach $key ( keys %req_params){$ENV{$key} = $req_params{$key};}# cd to the script's local directoryif ($req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} =~ /^(.*)\/[^\/]+$/) {chdir $1;}close(PARENT_WR);close(STDIN);#fcntl(CHILD_RD, F_DUPFD, 0);syscall(&SYS_dup2, fileno(CHILD_RD), 0);#open(STDIN, "<&CHILD_RD");exec($req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME});die("exec failed");}}else {print("Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n");print "Error: No such CGI app - $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} may not ";print "exist or is not executable by this process.\n";}}}权限分配
12chmod a+x /usr/bin/fastcgi-wrapper.plchmod a+x /etc/rc.d/init.d/perl-fastcgi配置nginx 虚拟服务器
1234567891011121314151617181920212223#基本版本配置 /etc/nginx/conf.d/nagios.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;#access_log /data/logs/nginx/test.ttlsa.com.access.log main;index index.html index.php index.html;root /usr/local/nagios/share;location /{}location ~ \.pl${include fastcgi_params;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8999;#fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/ttlsa.com.perl.sock;fastcgi_index index.pl;}}##如果想把tcp/ip方式改为socket方式,可以修改fastcgi-wrapper.pl.
$socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( “127.0.0.1:8999”, 10 ); #use IP sockets
改为
$socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( “/var/run/ttlsa.com.perl.sock”, 10 ); #use IP sockets
123456787. 启动nginx与fastcgi```shell#重新加载nginx配置nginx -s reload#启动Nginx/etc/init.d/perl-fastcgi startfastcgi 测试
123456789101112131415文件路径/data/site/test.ttlsa.com/test.pl#!/usr/bin/perlprint "Content-type:text/html\n\n";print <<EndOfHTML;<html><head><title>Perl Environment Variables</title></head><body><h1>Perl Environment Variables</h1>EndOfHTMLforeach $key (sort(keys %ENV)) {print "$key = $ENV{$key}<br>\n";}print "</body></html>";访问测试
1http://http:test.ttlsa.com/test.pl,出现内容表示OK.访问验证
进入生成网站,进行密码生成
12345user nagiospassword 123456crypt nagios:33QvMQsjxkn3w *nix 校验 选这个就好了apache md5 nagios:$apr1$AVs0w61Q$JamRT9wWtri/lE3iLWxkd/ windows校验12复制加密后的密钥对,存入文件/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagiospasswd 保存即可crypt nagios:33QvMQsjxkn3w配置nginx 权限访问
123456789101112131415##完整版本配置 /etc/nginx/conf.d/nagios.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /usr/local/nagios/share;auth_basic "Nagios Access";auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagiospasswd;location ~ .*\.php?$ {#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_index index.php;include fastcgi.conf;}location ~ .*\.(cgi|pl)?$ { gzip off; root /usr/local/nagios/sbin; rewrite ^/nagios/cgibin/(.*)\.cgi /$1.cgi break; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8999; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nagios/sbin$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_index index.cgi; fastcgi_read_timeout 60; fastcgi_param REMOTE_USER $remote_user; include fastcgi.conf; auth_basic "Nagios Access"; auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagiospasswd; } location /nagios { alias /usr/local/nagios/share; auth_basic "Nagios Access"; auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagiospasswd; }}
12345重启加载nginx配置```shellnginx -s reload
安装nagios
依赖安装
1234检测依赖安装状态rpm -q gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel xinetd openssl-devel安装依赖yum install -y gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel xinetd openssl-devel创建监控用户,用户组,指定安装目录,权限处理
12345678新增用户useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios创建安装目录mkdir /usr/local/nagios修改目录归属用户chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios查看nagios 目录的权限ll -d /usr/local/nagios/下载安装nagios
12345678910111213141516171819wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/nagios/nagios-4.x/nagios-4.3.4/nagios-4.3.4.tar.gztar zxvf nagios-4.3.4.tar.gzcd nagios-4.3.4./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagiosmake allmake installmake install-initmake install-commandmodemake install-config#检查安装chkconfig --add nagioschkconfig --level 35 nagios onchkconfig --list nagiosls /usr/local/nagios....result....bin etc include libexec sbin share var下载安装nagios 插件 nagios-plugin
12345wget https://nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gzcd nagios-plugins-1.4.16./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagiosmake && make installcd ..
配置nagios
配置文件
| 文件名或目录名 | 用途 |
| ———————– | —————————————- |
| cgi.cfg | 控制CGI访问的配置文件 |
| nagios.cfg | Nagios 主配置文件 |
| resource.cfg | 变量定义文件,又称为资源文件,在些文件中定义变量,以便由其他配置文件引用,如$USER1$ |
| objects | objects 是一个目录,在此目录下有很多配置文件模板,用于定义Nagios 对象 |
| objects/commands.cfg | 命令定义配置文件,其中定义的命令可以被其他配置文件引用 |
| objects/contacts.cfg | 定义联系人和联系人组的配置文件 |
| objects/localhost.cfg | 定义监控本地主机的配置文件 |
| objects/printer.cfg | 定义监控打印机的一个配置文件模板,默认没有启用此文件 |
| objects/switch.cfg | 定义监控路由器的一个配置文件模板,默认没有启用此文件 |
| objects/templates.cfg | 定义主机和服务的一个模板配置文件,可以在其他配置文件中引用 |
| objects/timeperiods.cfg | 定义Nagios 监控时间段的配置文件 |
| objects/windows.cfg | 监控Windows 主机的一个配置文件模板,默认没有启用此文件 |配置文件之间的关系
在nagios的配置过程中涉及到的几个定义有:主机、主机组,服务、服务组,联系人、联系人组,监控时间,监控命令等,从这些定义可以看出,nagios各个配置文件之间是互为关联,彼此引用的。
成功配置出一台nagios监控系统,必须要弄清楚每个配置文件之间依赖与被依赖的关系,最重要的有四点:
- 定义监控哪些主机、主机组、服务和服务组;
- 定义这个监控要用什么命令实现;
- 定义监控的时间段;
- 定义主机或服务出现问题时要通知的联系人和联系人组。
配置Nagios
为了能更清楚的说明问题,同时也为了维护方便,建议将nagios各个定义对象创建独立的配置文件:
- 创建hosts.cfg文件来定义主机和主机组
- 创建services.cfg文件来定义服务
- 用默认的contacts.cfg文件来定义联系人和联系人组
- 用默认的commands.cfg文件来定义命令
- 用默认的timeperiods.cfg来定义监控时间段
- 用默认的templates.cfg文件作为资源引用文件
配置文件详解
templates.cfg
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103define contact{name generic-contact ; 联系人名称service_notification_period 24x7 ; 当服务出现异常时,发送通知的时间段,这个时间段"24x7"在timeperiods.cfg文件中定义host_notification_period 24x7 ; 当主机出现异常时,发送通知的时间段,这个时间段"24x7"在timeperiods.cfg文件中定义service_notification_options w,u,c,r ; 这个定义的是“通知可以被发出的情况”。w即warn,表示警告状态,u即unknown,表示不明状态;; c即criticle,表示紧急状态,r即recover,表示恢复状态;; 也就是在服务出现警告状态、未知状态、紧急状态和重新恢复状态时都发送通知给使用者。host_notification_options d,u,r ; 定义主机在什么状态下需要发送通知给使用者,d即down,表示宕机状态;; u即unreachable,表示不可到达状态,r即recovery,表示重新恢复状态。service_notification_commands notify-service-by-email ; 服务故障时,发送通知的方式,可以是邮件和短信,这里发送的方式是邮件;; 其中“notify-service-by-email”在commands.cfg文件中定义。host_notification_commands notify-host-by-email ; 主机故障时,发送通知的方式,可以是邮件和短信,这里发送的方式是邮件;; 其中“notify-host-by-email”在commands.cfg文件中定义。register 0 ; DONT REGISTER THIS DEFINITION - ITS NOT A REAL CONTACT, JUST A TEMPLATE!}define host{name generic-host ; 主机名称,这里的主机名,并不是直接对应到真正机器的主机名;; 乃是对应到在主机配置文件里所设定的主机名。notifications_enabled 1 ; Host notifications are enabledevent_handler_enabled 1 ; Host event handler is enabledflap_detection_enabled 1 ; Flap detection is enabledfailure_prediction_enabled 1 ; Failure prediction is enabledprocess_perf_data 1 ; 其值可以为0或1,其作用为是否启用Nagios的数据输出功能;; 如果将此项赋值为1,那么Nagios就会将收集的数据写入某个文件中,以备提取。retain_status_information 1 ; Retain status information across program restartsretain_nonstatus_information 1 ; Retain non-status information across program restartsnotification_period 24x7 ; 指定“发送通知”的时间段,也就是可以在什么时候发送通知给使用者。register 0 ; DONT REGISTER THIS DEFINITION - ITS NOT A REAL HOST, JUST A TEMPLATE!}define host{name linux-server ; 主机名称use generic-host ; use表示引用,也就是将主机generic-host的所有属性引用到linux-server中来;; 在nagios配置中,很多情况下会用到引用。check_period 24x7 ; 这里的check_period告诉nagios检查主机的时间段check_interval 5 ; nagios对主机的检查时间间隔,这里是5分钟。retry_interval 1 ; 重试检查时间间隔,单位是分钟。max_check_attempts 10 ; nagios对主机的最大检查次数,也就是nagios在检查发现某主机异常时,并不马上判断为异常状况;; 而是多试几次,因为有可能只是一时网络太拥挤,或是一些其他原因,让主机受到了一点影响;; 这里的10就是最多试10次的意思。check_command check-host-alive ; 指定检查主机状态的命令,其中“check-host-alive”在commands.cfg文件中定义。notification_period 24x7 ; 主机故障时,发送通知的时间范围,其中“workhours”在timeperiods.cfg中进行了定义;; 下面会陆续讲到。notification_interval 10 ; 在主机出现异常后,故障一直没有解决,nagios再次对使用者发出通知的时间。单位是分钟;; 如果你觉得,所有的事件只需要一次通知就够了,可以把这里的选项设为0notification_options d,u,r ; 定义主机在什么状态下可以发送通知给使用者,d即down,表示宕机状态;; u即unreachable,表示不可到达状态;; r即recovery,表示重新恢复状态。contact_groups ts ; 指定联系人组,这个“admins”在contacts.cfg文件中定义。register 0 ; DONT REGISTER THIS DEFINITION - ITS NOT A REAL HOST, JUST A TEMPLATE!}define host{name windows-server ; The name of this host templateuse generic-host ; Inherit default values from the generic-host templatecheck_period 24x7 ; By default, Windows servers are monitored round the clockcheck_interval 5 ; Actively check the server every 5 minutesretry_interval 1 ; Schedule host check retries at 1 minute intervalsmax_check_attempts 10 ; Check each server 10 times (max)check_command check-host-alive ; Default command to check if servers are "alive"notification_period 24x7 ; Send notification out at any time - day or nightnotification_interval 10 ; Resend notifications every 30 minutesnotification_options d,r ; Only send notifications for specific host statescontact_groups ts ; Notifications get sent to the admins by defaulthostgroups windows-servers ; Host groups that Windows servers should be a member ofregister 0 ; DONT REGISTER THIS - ITS JUST A TEMPLATE}define service{name generic-service ; 定义一个服务名称active_checks_enabled 1 ; Active service checks are enabledpassive_checks_enabled 1 ; Passive service checks are enabled/acceptedparallelize_check 1 ; Active service checks should be parallelized;; (disabling this can lead to major performance problems)obsess_over_service 1 ; We should obsess over this service (if necessary)check_freshness 0 ; Default is to NOT check service 'freshness'notifications_enabled 1 ; Service notifications are enabledevent_handler_enabled 1 ; Service event handler is enabledflap_detection_enabled 1 ; Flap detection is enabledfailure_prediction_enabled 1 ; Failure prediction is enabledprocess_perf_data 1 ; Process performance dataretain_status_information 1 ; Retain status information across program restartsretain_nonstatus_information 1 ; Retain non-status information across program restartsis_volatile 0 ; The service is not volatilecheck_period 24x7 ; 这里的check_period告诉nagios检查服务的时间段。max_check_attempts 3 ; nagios对服务的最大检查次数。normal_check_interval 5 ; 此选项是用来设置服务检查时间间隔,也就是说,nagios这一次检查和下一次检查之间所隔的时间;; 这里是5分钟。retry_check_interval 2 ; 重试检查时间间隔,单位是分钟。contact_groups ts ; 指定联系人组notification_options w,u,c,r ; 这个定义的是“通知可以被发出的情况”。w即warn,表示警告状态;; u即unknown,表示不明状态;; c即criticle,表示紧急状态,r即recover,表示恢复状态;; 也就是在服务出现警告状态、未知状态、紧急状态和重新恢复后都发送通知给使用者。notification_interval 10 ; Re-notify about service problems every hournotification_period 24x7 ; 指定“发送通知”的时间段,也就是可以在什么时候发送通知给使用者。register 0 ; DONT REGISTER THIS DEFINITION - ITS NOT A REAL SERVICE, JUST A TEMPLATE!}define service{name local-service ; The name of this service templateuse generic-service ; Inherit default values from the generic-service definitionmax_check_attempts 4 ; Re-check the service up to 4 times in order to determine its final (hard) statenormal_check_interval 5 ; Check the service every 5 minutes under normal conditionsretry_check_interval 1 ; Re-check the service every minute until a hard state can be determinedregister 0 ; DONT REGISTER THIS DEFINITION - ITS NOT A REAL SERVICE, JUST A TEMPLATE!}resource.cfg
1$USER1$=/usr/local/nagios/libexeccommands.cfg
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960#notify-host-by-email命令的定义define command{command_name notify-host-by-email #命令名称,即定义了一个主机异常时发送邮件的命令。command_line /usr/bin/printf "%b" "***** Nagios *****\n\nNotification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$\nHost: $HOSTNAME$\nState: $HOSTSTATE$\nAddress: $HOSTADDRESS$\nInfo: $HOSTOUTPUT$\n\nDate/Time: $LONGDATETIME$\n" | /bin/mail -s "** $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Host Alert: $HOSTNAME$ is $HOSTSTATE$ **" $CONTACTEMAIL$ #命令具体的执行方式。}#notify-service-by-email命令的定义define command{command_name notify-service-by-email #命令名称,即定义了一个服务异常时发送邮件的命令command_line /usr/bin/printf "%b" "***** Nagios *****\n\nNotification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$\n\nService: $SERVICEDESC$\nHost: $HOSTALIAS$\nAddress: $HOSTADDRESS$\nState: $SERVICESTATE$\n\nDate/Time: $LONGDATETIME$\n\nAdditional Info:\n\n$SERVICEOUTPUT$\n" | /bin/mail -s "** $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Service Alert: $HOSTALIAS$/$SERVICEDESC$ is $SERVICESTATE$ **" $CONTACTEMAIL$}#check-host-alive命令的定义define command{command_name check-host-alive #命令名称,用来检测主机状态。command_line $USER1$/check_ping -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -w 3000.0,80% -c 5000.0,100% -p 5# 这里的变量$USER1$在resource.cfg文件中进行定义,即$USER1$=/usr/local/nagios/libexec;# 那么check_ping的完整路径为/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_ping;# “-w 3000.0,80%”中“-w”说明后面的一对值对应的是“WARNING”状态,“80%”是其临界值。# “-c 5000.0,100%”中“-c”说明后面的一对值对应的是“CRITICAL”,“100%”是其临界值。# “-p 1”说明每次探测发送一个包。}define command{command_name check_local_diskcommand_line $USER1$/check_disk -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ -p $ARG3$ #$ARG1$是指在调用这个命令的时候,命令后面的第一个参数。}define command{command_name check_local_loadcommand_line $USER1$/check_load -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$}define command{command_name check_local_procscommand_line $USER1$/check_procs -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ -s $ARG3$}define command{command_name check_local_userscommand_line $USER1$/check_users -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$}define command{command_name check_local_swapcommand_line $USER1$/check_swap -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$}define command{command_name check_ftpcommand_line $USER1$/check_ftp -H $HOSTADDRESS$ $ARG1$}define command{command_name check_httpcommand_line $USER1$/check_http -I $HOSTADDRESS$ $ARG1$}define command{command_name check_sshcommand_line $USER1$/check_ssh $ARG1$ $HOSTADDRESS$}define command{command_name check_pingcommand_line $USER1$/check_ping -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ -p 5}define command{command_name check_ntcommand_line $USER1$/check_nt -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -p 12489 -v $ARG1$ $ARG2$}localhost.cfg
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263define host{use linux-server ; Name of host template to use; This host definition will inherit all variables that are defined; in (or inherited by) the linux-server host template definition.host_name Nagios-Serveralias Nagios-Serveraddress 127.0.0.1}define hostgroup{hostgroup_name linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroupalias Linux Servers ; Long name of the groupmembers Nagios-Server ; Comma separated list of hosts that belong to this group}define service{use local-service ; Name of service template to usehost_name Nagios-Serverservice_description PINGcheck_command check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%}define service{use local-service ; Name of service template to usehost_name Nagios-Serverservice_description Root Partitioncheck_command check_local_disk!20%!10%!/}define service{use local-service ; Name of service template to usehost_name Nagios-Serverservice_description Current Userscheck_command check_local_users!20!50}define service{use local-service ; Name of service template to usehost_name Nagios-Serverservice_description Total Processescheck_command check_local_procs!250!400!RSZDT}define service{use local-service ; Name of service template to usehost_name Nagios-Serverservice_description Current Loadcheck_command check_local_load!5.0,4.0,3.0!10.0,6.0,4.0}define service{use local-service ; Name of service template to usehost_name Nagios-Serverservice_description Swap Usagecheck_command check_local_swap!20!10}define service{use local-service ; Name of service template to usehost_name Nagios-Serverservice_description SSHcheck_command check_sshnotifications_enabled 0}define service{use local-service ; Name of service template to usehost_name Nagios-Serverservice_description HTTPcheck_command check_httpnotifications_enabled 0}windows.cfg
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152define host{use windows-server ; Inherit default values from a templatehost_name Nagios-Windows ; The name we're giving to this hostalias My Windows Server ; A longer name associated with the hostaddress 192.168.1.113 ; IP address of the host}define hostgroup{hostgroup_name windows-servers ; The name of the hostgroupalias Windows Servers ; Long name of the group}define service{use generic-servicehost_name Nagios-Windowsservice_description NSClient++ Versioncheck_command check_nt!CLIENTVERSION}define service{use generic-servicehost_name Nagios-Windowsservice_description Uptimecheck_command check_nt!UPTIME}define service{use generic-servicehost_name Nagios-Windowsservice_description CPU Loadcheck_command check_nt!CPULOAD!-l 5,80,90}define service{use generic-servicehost_name Nagios-Windowsservice_description Memory Usagecheck_command check_nt!MEMUSE!-w 80 -c 90}define service{use generic-servicehost_name Nagios-Windowsservice_description C:\ Drive Spacecheck_command check_nt!USEDDISKSPACE!-l c -w 80 -c 90}define service{use generic-servicehost_name Nagios-Windowsservice_description W3SVCcheck_command check_nt!SERVICESTATE!-d SHOWALL -l W3SVC}define service{use generic-servicehost_name Nagios-Windowsservice_description Explorercheck_command check_nt!PROCSTATE!-d SHOWALL -l Explorer.exe}cgi.cfg
12345678default_user_name=davidauthorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,davidauthorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin,davidauthorized_for_system_commands=davidauthorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,davidauthorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,davidauthorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin,davidauthorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin,davidnagios.cfg
123456789101112131415161718192021222324log_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/nagios.log # 定义nagios日志文件的路径cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg # “cfg_file”变量用来引用对象配置文件,如果有更多的对象配置文件,在这里依次添加即可。cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfgcfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfgcfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfgcfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfgcfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfgcfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg # 本机配置文件cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/windows.cfg # windows 主机配置文件object_cache_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/objects.cache # 该变量用于指定一个“所有对象配置文件”的副本文件,或者叫对象缓冲文件precached_object_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/objects.precacheresource_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/resource.cfg # 该变量用于指定nagios资源文件的路径,可以在nagios.cfg中定义多个资源文件。status_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/status.dat # 该变量用于定义一个状态文件,此文件用于保存nagios的当前状态、注释和宕机信息等。status_update_interval=10 # 该变量用于定义状态文件(即status.dat)的更新时间间隔,单位是秒,最小更新间隔是1秒。nagios_user=nagios # 该变量指定了Nagios进程使用哪个用户运行。nagios_group=nagios # 该变量用于指定Nagios使用哪个用户组运行。check_external_commands=1 # 该变量用于设置是否允许nagios在web监控界面运行cgi命令;# 也就是是否允许nagios在web界面下执行重启nagios、停止主机/服务检查等操作;# “1”为运行,“0”为不允许。command_check_interval=10s # 该变量用于设置nagios对外部命令检测的时间间隔,如果指定了一个数字加一个"s"(如10s);# 那么外部检测命令的间隔是这个数值以秒为单位的时间间隔;# 如果没有用"s",那么外部检测命令的间隔是以这个数值的“时间单位”的时间间隔。interval_length=60 # 该变量指定了nagios的时间单位,默认值是60秒,也就是1分钟;# 即在nagios配置中所有的时间单位都是分钟。
timeperiods.cfg
12345678910111213141516171819202122#下面是定义一个名为24x7的时间段,即监控所有时间段define timeperiod{timeperiod_name 24x7 #时间段的名称,这个地方不要有空格alias 24 Hours A Day, 7 Days A Weeksunday 00:00-24:00monday 00:00-24:00tuesday 00:00-24:00wednesday 00:00-24:00thursday 00:00-24:00friday 00:00-24:00saturday 00:00-24:00}#下面是定义一个名为workhours的时间段,即工作时间段。define timeperiod{timeperiod_name workhoursalias Normal Work Hoursmonday 09:00-17:00tuesday 09:00-17:00wednesday 09:00-17:00thursday 09:00-17:00friday 09:00-17:00}
host.cfg
123456789101112define host{use linux-server #引用主机linux-server的属性信息,linux-server主机在templates.cfg文件中进行了定义。host_name Nagios-Linux #主机名alias Nagios-Linux #主机别名address 192.168.1.111 #被监控的主机地址,这个地址可以是ip,也可以是域名。}#定义一个主机组define hostgroup{hostgroup_name bsmart-servers #主机组名称,可以随意指定。alias bsmart servers #主机组别名members Nagios-Linux #主机组成员,其中“Nagios-Linux”就是上面定义的主机。}services.cfg
123456define service{use local-service #引用local-service服务的属性值,local-service在templates.cfg文件中进行了定义。host_name Nagios-Linux #指定要监控哪个主机上的服务,“Nagios-Server”在hosts.cfg文件中进行了定义。service_description check-host-alive #对监控服务内容的描述,以供维护人员参考。check_command check-host-alive #指定检查的命令。}contacts.cfg
123456789101112define contact{contact_name David #联系人的名称,这个地方不要有空格use generic-contact #引用generic-contact的属性信息,其中“generic-contact”在templates.cfg文件中进行定义alias Nagios Adminemail david.tang@bsmart.cn}define contactgroup{contactgroup_name ts #联系人组的名称,同样不能空格alias Technical Support #联系人组描述members David #联系人组成员,其中“david”就是上面定义的联系人,如果有多个联系人则以逗号相隔}验证配置
1/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
新增从机监控
安装nrpe
12345678tar zxvf nrpe-2.13.tar.gzcd nrpe-2.13./configuremake all# 安装check_nrpemake install-plugin测试连接
123/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.192.192.192 被监控机IP....result....NRPE v2.13在commands.cfg中增加对check_nrpe的定义
12345678vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg# 'check_nrpe' command definitiondefine command{command_name check_nrpe # 定义命令名称为check_nrpe,在services.cfg中要使用这个名称.command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$ #这是定义实际运行的插件程序.# 这个命令行的书写要完全按照check_nrpe这个命令的用法,不知道用法的就用check_nrpe –h查看.}定义监控 services.cfg
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334define service{use local-servicehost_name Nagios-Linuxservice_description Current Loadcheck_command check_nrpe!check_load}define service{use local-servicehost_name Nagios-Linuxservice_description Check Disk sda1check_command check_nrpe!check_sda1}define service{use local-servicehost_name Nagios-Linuxservice_description Total Processescheck_command check_nrpe!check_total_procs}define service{use local-servicehost_name Nagios-Linuxservice_description Current Userscheck_command check_nrpe!check_users}define service{use local-servicehost_name Nagios-Linuxservice_description Check Zombie Procscheck_command check_nrpe!check_zombie_procs}添加未定义监控
现在我们要监控swap 分区,如果空闲空间小于20%则为警告状态 -> warning;如果小于10%则为严重状态 -> critical。我们可以查得需要使用check_swap插件,完整的命令行应该是下面这样。
1/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w 20% -c 10%123456789101112在**被监控机**(Nagios-Linux)上增加check_swap 命令的定义```shellvi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg# 增加下面这一行command[check_swap]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w 20% -c 10%# 监控 httpcommand[check_http]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_http -I 127.0.0.1
在 **监控机**(Nagios-Server)上增加这个check_swap 监控项目
12345678910111213
define service{ use local-service host_name Nagios-Linux service_description Check Swap check_command check_nrpe!check_swap } define service{ use local-service host_name Nagios-Linux service_description HTTP check_command check_nrpe!check_http }
**重启nagios服务**
Nagios启动与停止
- 启动Nagios
12345/etc/init.d/nagios startorservice nagios startor/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg- 重启Nagios
123456789101112131415/etc/init.d/nagios reloador/etc/init.d/nagios restartorservice nagios restart# 通过web监控页重启nagiosProcess Info -> Restart the Nagios process# 手工方式平滑重启ps aux|grep nagiosorps -ef|grep nagioskill -HUP <nagios_pid>- 停止Nagios
12345678910111213/etc/init.d/nagios stoporservice nagios stop# 通过web监控页停止nagiosProcess Info -> Shutdown the Nagios process# 手工方式停止Nagiosps aux|grep nagiosorps -ef|grep nagioskill <nagios_pid>
##被监控机安装依赖
依赖安装
1234检测依赖安装状态rpm -q gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel xinetd openssl-devel安装依赖yum install -y gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel xinetd openssl-devel创建监控用户,用户组,指定安装目录,权限处理
12345678新增用户useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios创建安装目录mkdir /usr/local/nagios修改目录归属用户chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios查看nagios 目录的权限ll -d /usr/local/nagios/下载必备软件
1234下载nagios-pluginwget https://nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz下载nrpewget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/nagios/nrpe-2.13.tar.gz安装nagios-plugin
12345678910编译安装tar zxvf nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gzcd nagios-plugins-1.4.16./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagiosmake && make installcd ..# 修改权限chown nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagioschown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/libexec安装NRPE
1234567891011121314151617tar zxvf nrpe-2.13.tar.gzcd nrpe-2.13./configuremake all# 安装check_nrpemake install-plugin# 安装deamonmake install-daemon# 安装配置文件make install-daemon-config# 安装xinted 脚本make install-xinetd配置NRPE
123456vim /etc/xinetd.d/nrpe.....before......only_from = 127.0.0.1.....after.......only_from = 127.0.0.1 监控主机ip 120.120.120.120配置网络属性
12345678vim /etc/services......before......matahari 49000/tcp # Matahari Broker......after......matahari 49000/tcp # Matahari Brokernagiosnrpe 5666/tcp # nrpe启动,并查看nrpe是否启动成功
123456789101112131415启动service xinetd restart查看启动netstat -an|grep 5666....result....tcp6 0 0 :::5666 :::* LISTEN# 测试运行/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost....result....NRPE v2.13# check_nrpe 用法注意:-c 后面接的监控命令必须是nrpe.cfg 文件中定义的。也就是NRPE daemon只运行nrpe.cfg中所定义的命令。check_nrpe –H 被监控的主机 -c 要执行的监控命令配置nrpe监控命令
1234567891011121314151617181920212223cd /usr/local/nagios/etccat nrpe.cfg |grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"....result....log_facility=daemonpid_file=/var/run/nrpe.pidserver_port=5666nrpe_user=nagiosnrpe_group=nagiosallowed_hosts=127.0.0.1dont_blame_nrpe=0debug=0command_timeout=60connection_timeout=300command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w 5 -c 10command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20command[check_sda1]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/sda1command[check_zombie_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 5 -c 10 -s Zcommand[check_total_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 150 -c 200....result....#新增 command代理 内容
##分布式处理
主Nagios中心服务部署
安装nsca
12345wget http://download.chekiang.info/nagios/nsca-2.7.2.tar.gztar zxvf nsca-2.9.1.tar.gzcd nsca-2.7.2./configuremake all修改nsca的配置文件
123vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nsca.cfgpassword=123456修改nagios的配置文件
12345vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfgcheck_external_commands=1 # 配置nagios检查扩展命令accept_passive_service_checks=1 # 配置接受被动服务检测的结果accept_passive_host_checks=1 #配置接受被动主机检测的结果检查没问题后重启nagios和启动nsca
分布服务器部署
安装nsca-send
12345678wget http://download.chekiang.info/nagios/nsca-2.7.2.tar.gztar zxvf nsca-2.9.1.tar.gzcd nsca-2.7.2./configuremake all# 以上步骤检查正确执行以后会在src目录下生成两个程序nsca send_nsca(主程序),sample-config中会有nsca.cfg与send_nsca.cfg(配置文件)。修改配置文件
123456789cp src/send_nsca /usr/local/nagios/bin/cp sample-config/send_nsca.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/chown nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/bin/send_nscachown nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/etc/send_nsca.cfg修改send_nsca.cfg配置,改下密码。vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/send_nsca.cfgpassword=123456这里的密码需要和主的一样。修改nagios配置文件
12345enable_notifications=0 //阻止它直接送出任何通知信息obsess_over_services=1 // 配置为强迫型服务(obsess over services)类型ocsp_command=submit_service_check_result //定义一个强迫型服务处理(ocsp)命令obsess_over_hosts=1 // 配置为强迫型服务(obsess over host)类型ochp_command=submit_host_check_result //定义一个强迫型主机处理(ochp)命令添加ocsp命令
123456789vi command.cfgdefine command{command_name submit_service_check_resultcommand_line $USER1$/eventhandlers/submit_service_check_result $HOSTNAME$ '$SERVICEDESC$' $SERVICESTATE$ '$SERVICEOUTPUT$ | $SERVICEPERFDATA$ [$SERVICECHECKCOMMAND$]'}define command{command_name submit_host_check_resultcommand_line $USER1$/eventhandlers/submit_host_check_result $HOSTNAME$ $HOSTSTATE$ '$HOSTOUTPUT$'}添加命令脚本
1234567mkdir /usr/local/nagios/libexec/eventhandlerscd /usr/local/nagios/libexec/eventhandlerswget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zhangnq/nagios/master/setup/submit_host_check_resultwget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zhangnq/nagios/master/setup/submit_service_check_resultchmod +x /usr/local/nagios/libexec/eventhandlers/submit_host_check_resultchmod +x /usr/local/nagios/libexec/eventhandlers/submit_service_check_result修改submit_host_check_result和submit_service_check_result两个脚本中的中心nagios监控主机ip或域名,即修改www.chekiang.info为你自己的地址。检查没问题后有启动nagios。
添加监控主机和服务
注意事项
- 中心服务器和分布服务器都需要添加监控的主机和服务。
- 中心服务器主机定义的host_name值需要和分布服务器主机定义的host_name值一致。
- 中心服务器服务定义的service_description值需要和分布服务器服务定义的service_description 值一致。
分布服务器配置
分布服务器的配置增加和主动监控一样,先添加host,然后添加server即可。
中心服务器
增加passive模式的主机和服务模板
修改templates.cfg 文件,增加类似如下内容:
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfgdefine host{name passive-hostuse generic-hostcheck_period 24x7check_interval 5retry_interval 1max_check_attempts 10check_command check-host-alivenotification_period 24x7notification_interval 60notification_options d,u,rcontact_groups sysmaintregister 0check_freshness 1 ;定义强制刷新检测freshness_threshold 600 ;指定服务检测结果应该在何时间内刷新,单位是spassive_checks_enabled 1 ;打开被动检测active_checks_enabled 0 ;关闭主动监测}define service{name passive-serviceuse generic-serviceactive_checks_enabled 0 ;关闭主动监测passive_checks_enabled 1 ;打开被动检测flap_detection_enabled 0 ;关闭状态抖动检测check_freshness 1 ;定义强制刷新检测freshness_threshold 600 ;指定服务检测结果应该在何时间内刷新,单位是smax_check_attempts 4normal_check_interval 5retry_check_interval 1register 0check_command service-is-stale ;定义强制检测的执行命令}增加强制检测命令
12345678910111213vi /usr/local/nagios/libexec/staleservice.sh!/bin/bash/bin/echo "CRITICAL: Service results are stale!"exit 2chmod +x /usr/local/nagios/libexec/staleservice.sh添加命令# vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfgdefine command{command_name service-is-stalecommand_line $USER1$/staleservice.sh}添加主机和服务
复制分布服务器中的hosts和servers到nagios中心服务器中,修改定义主机中的use模板为定义的passive-host,之前默认一般为linux-server,修改定义服务器中的use模板为定义的passive-service,取消check_command值的定义。类似如下:
1234567891011define host{use passive-hosthost_name 10.22.127.100alias 10.22.127.100address 10.22.127.100}define service{use passive-service,srv-pnphost_name 10.22.127.100service_description check ssh login}检查重启
添加完成后检查nagios配置是否正确,然后重启。
日志
日志一般是在/usr/local/nagios/var/nagios.log中,正常的话显示如下,如果配置有问题也可以通过日志查找原因。
